TGM2 and neoplasm: Previous studies have primarily focused on transglutaminase type 2 (TGM2) within the TGM family, which has been associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance (Lee et al. 2018; Tempest, et al. 2021; Eckert et al. 2015).The enzyme TGM2 encodes the catalysis of cross-linking between glutamine and lysine residues, which plays a crucial role in stabilizing the extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal function, adhesion, and signaling (Bianchi et al. 2018).