APOE, upregulated in astrocytes in AD (Supplementary File 3), also was among the highest ranked predictors of DEG in EC through its associations with expression of the cholesterol transport-mediated gene ABCA1 and RAC1. Similarly, VEGFA and TGFB1, also were strong potential regulators of EC DEG, and were downregulated in PVM with AD. Here, RAC1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.