TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease: TNFSF10, which codes for the proinflammatory TRAIL ligand expressed predominantly by EC, was implicated as regulating the majority of PC DEG, including the apoptosis regulator CFLAR and EGFR. Together, these results thus suggest that PVM and astrocyte inflammatory (GPNMB) and growth factor (VEGF, FGF and TGFβ) signalling as major regulators of AD pathology in vascular cells.