It was reported that PPARγ could directly bind to the promoter of ATGL and enhance its transcription;22 Bioinformatics prediction indicated that PPARγ may also bind to the CGI-58 promoter (supplementary Fig. 5a); Moreover, PPARγ is closely related to NAFLD.23 However, in hepatocytes, PPARγ promoted the expression of ATGL but not CGI-58 (Fig. 6a). The gene discussed is PNPLA2; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.