PTGS2 and cancer: Tian et al. [30] studied the antibacterial active components and their mechanisms of action of radix isatis based on network pharmacology, and the results showed that radix isatis mainly regulates apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (CASP3) through stigmosterol, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and other targets, gene functions are enriched in cell apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, and participate in cancer pathway and TNF signaling pathway to play a antibacterial role.