Remarkably, approximately 4%–8% of the general population aged over 70 years harbor autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing IFN-α/ω (31), which can underlie severe COVID-19 pneumonia (31, 32), MERS critical pneumonia (33), influenza critical pneumonia (34), West Nile virus encephalitis (35), and adverse reactions to the live attenuated yellow fever vaccine (36). Here, IFNA2 is linked to susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.