The recombinant human TRAIL has shown promising results in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in preclinical studies.1 Nevertheless, the TRAIL has a relatively short half-life and its rapid clearance from the bloodstream can limit its effectiveness in reaching HCC tumours.3–5 In clinical trials, the use of the recombinant TRAIL in HCC treatment has been primarily focused on the evaluating its safety and efficacy when administered either alone or in combination with other therapies. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF10 and hepatocellular carcinoma.