CFTR and cystic fibrosis: Although there is some hope that the relatively new modulator therapies aimed at restoring cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function could also reduce the bacterial burden of typical CF pathogens, and some studies have found modulator therapies to decrease P. aeruginosa prevalence in CF lungs [reviewed in reference (13)], conflicting results have been reported, and the persistence of the observed effects is still unclear.