Moreover, serpin E2 is overexpressed in many cancers, including liver cancer (Hou et al., 2019; Zhang X. et al., 2020), non-small cell lung cancer (Dokuni et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2022), breast cancer (Tang et al., 2019), osteosarcoma (Mao and Wang, 2016), bladder cancer (Li F. et al., 2020), and melanoma (Perego et al., 2018), among others; this overexpression can promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, and colony formation (Liu et al., 2019), which are characteristics related to the tumor microenvironment (TME) (Bejarano et al., 2021). Here, SERPINE2 is linked to breast cancer.