In addition, they address health literacy through diabetes education materials (such as monitoring blood glucose, high fluid intake, healthy diet plans, sports activities and exercises, and how to perform and break fasts during Ramadan).34–36 Moreover, they could help patients using technology (telemedicine) to provide thorough and timely clinical diabetes care based on the therapeutic plan approved by the treating physicians (such as insulin titration and dosage adjustment based on glycemic targets). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.