Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (Abs), which enhance anti-tumor responses by suppressing immune inhibitory pathways in T cells, have demonstrated high clinical efficacy in several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Ribas and Wolchok, 2018; Grant et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.