We also found 5 genes (2 frameshift insertion, 2 frameshift deletion and 1 stop-loss) reported associating with obesity, adipogenesis or previously linked to obesity-associated traits by genome-wide association studies: SLC25A5 (13), AIM2 (14), SNX16 (15), CAMKK2 (16–18), PDE11A (19) (Table 2) and they were selected for further verification. Here, SLC25A5 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.