Using the grouping lymphocyte interactions by paratope hotspots (GLIPH) algorithm [36], we identified a total of 126 and 504 clusters of TRB clones that are significantly enriched in the immune repertoire of RA patients compared to a naive repertoire of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, respectively (FDR < 0.05, Additional file 30: Table S24). Here, CD4 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.