In our study, when lung cancer cases that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were compared with lung cancer cases that were primarily operated on, it was found that the peritumoral CD4 + T cell and CD8 + T cell density was higher in the cases that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the intratumoral CD4 + T cell density was higher in the cases that only underwent surgery. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is lung cancer.