TGFB1 and ovarian cancer: Therefore, we speculate that on the cell membrane, under the regulation of TGF-β signaling, ST14 may directly interact with TMEFF1, cleave and release the extracellular domain containing the EGF of TMEFF1, activate the downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways, and promote the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells.