SMAD2 and cancer: In this screening, we examined the effects of compound treatment on interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE, for the interleukin (IL)-1 signal), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB, for the IL-1 signal), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3, for the IL-6 signal), and small mothers against decapentaplegic 2/3 (SMAD2/3, for the TGF-β signal) reporter activity on LSCs in co-culture with cancer cells isolated from PC-3 tumors.