TLR4 and bacterial infectious disease: To determine whether Mtk genotype is associated with differential ability to survive bacterial infection, we performed additional systemic infections in males using a variety of Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Staphylococcus succinus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Lactococcus brevis, and Lactococcus plantarum) (Figs 3A, 3C, S5B–S5F, S6A and S6C), since the Toll pathway partially controls Mtk expression and canonically responds to Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.