COPS3 and clear cell renal carcinoma: Alternatively, COPS3 may promote clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by regulating phospho-AKT (Thr308), Cyclin D1, and Caspase-3 expression [57], while COPS5, -6, and -8 overexpression enhanced cellular proliferation [23, 45, 46, 58, 59], EMT [42, 55, 60, 61], and vascular invasion [62].