To prove that the fabricatedVMPs bind to ACE2, we evaluated the cell uptake of VMPs with a humanlung carcinoma A549 cell line expressing ACE2 (A549-ACE2), human non-smallcell lung cancer Calu-3 cells, and human colorectal adenocarcinomaCaco-2 cells, which are expressed with ACE2 and highly susceptibleto SARS-CoV-2 infection.28−30 By contrast, A549 cells, whichexpress a negligible level of ACE2 and, thus, are weakly susceptibleto SARS-CoV-2 infection, served as the control.31 Here, ACE2 is linked to medical procedure.