Overexpression of upstream activators, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; also known as ERBB1), ERBB2 and/or ERBB3, are associated with the grade, stage and outcome of bladder cancer subsets, and EGFR induces PI3K/Akt activation via RAS activation 22, 23. Here, ERBB2 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.