- Increased CAR T cell infiltration- Reducing tumor immune escaping- Increase the T cells activity to suppress tumors and increase the lifespan- Improved efficacy by combination therapy with cytokine-armed OVs (e.g., IL-2, IFNs)- OV-mediated delivery of tumor-selective surface antigens enhances the antitumor efficacy of CAR T-cells- OVs modulate the TME via enhancing the expression of immune checkpoint costimulatory receptors and ligands. (e.g., OX40, OX40L, 4-1BB, 4-1BBL). The gene discussed is TNFRSF4; the disease is neoplasm.