VEGFA and cancer: Compared to the other BC subtypes the immunogenic TME features in TNBC consist of higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), that promote tumor cell growth and migration such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), white blood cells that migrate towards the tumor, leading to an important immunogenic effect and consequently that are involved in killing cancer cells [27–29].