MTOR and neoplasm: These mutations are associated with tumor progression, stimulate cell proliferation, and promote cell survival via metabolite cell signaling pathways such as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) signaling pathway [22], notch signaling [23], the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling [24] and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway [25], and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway [26, 27].