When comparing the DEGs between the CD and RA cohorts, the DEGs CXCL10, CXCL11, MMP3 (matrix metallopeptidase 3), CXCL9, MMP1, SPP1, MXRA5 (matrix remodeling associated 5), and AQP9 were found to be upregulated (Figure 2G), while the DEGs MT1M and PCK1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1) were observed to be downregulated in both cohorts (Figure 2H). The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.