CD8A and colonic neoplasm: Under conditions of KD intake, CD8+ T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to rely on OXPHOS in response to increased ketone bodies, leading to enhanced cellular energy and respiratory reserve, potentially improving their functionality.150 In addition, KD intake prevented the progression of colon tumors by inducing tumor cell oxidative stress, inhibiting MMP-9 expression, and promoting M2 to M1 TAM polarization.151 In a mouse model of malignant glioma, KD feeding led to significantly enhanced innate and adaptive tumor-specific immune responses.