DNAAF1 and scoliosis: Intriguingly, KO of axonemal dynein and its assembly factor genes, such as dnah10, dnaaf1, and zmynd10, is known to lead to a scoliosis phenotype in zebrafish.34,35 Defects of motile cilia have also been shown to cause scoliosis in zebrafish.36 Next, to identify differentially expressed genes in these processes, we compared gene expression differences between males and females in Xe1+PEC7 KO mice, finding only sex-chromosome-associated genes (Figure S6C).