The ECM has been strongly associated with AIS, with many other AIS GWAS loci residing near ECM-associated genes and zebrafish ECM gene KOs having a scoliosis phenotype.59 In terms of sexually dimorphic genes, we analyzed both Xe1 versus Xe1+PEC7 homozygous female mice, as Xe1 homozygous did not have a kinky tail sex biased. Here, MMRN1 is linked to androgen insensitivity syndrome.