Down-regulated genes in LV versus RV in pEF and Normal but not in rEF include retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), which can induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mouse55, and Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C (CIDEC) which is proposed to be a trigger for diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) through its involvement in insulin resistance. The gene discussed is RBP4; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.