TNF and diabetes mellitus: Our results showed that diabetes induction (in untreated diabetic GI) significantly: 1—reduced animals’ body weight, 2—reduced the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH), 3—elevated MDA level and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-4) levels when compared to those of healthy control GI.