AVP and gestational diabetes: Specifically, GDM was associated with a higher serum copeptin in women with mean BMI ≥ 26 kg/m2 (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.05–0.57, P ═ 0.02, I2 ═ 46%), but not in women with BMI < 26 kg/m2 (SMD −0.23, 95% CI −0.37 to −0.09, P ═ 0.002, I2 ═ 0%).