DUSP1 and cancer: Notably, the increased expression in Dusp1 and Ptprs has been shown to occur due to many chronic inflammatory diseases, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis (Berillo et al., 2022; Davis et al., 2018; Hendriks & Pulido, 2013; Khadir et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Muise et al., 2007; Xu et al., 2015).