Recently, renal single-cell sequencing of LN patients showed that ubiquitination plays an important role in LN progression [11], and we found that TGF-β increased the ubiquitination level of LATS2 (Fig. 5B), indicating that the ubiquitin‒proteasome pathway could be responsible for the downregulation of LATS2. Here, LATS2 is linked to lobular neoplasia.