Further, we investigated the relationship between NDUFAF6 and immune checkpoint genes in breast cancer, finding that the expression pattern of NDUFAF6 negatively correlated with immune checkpoint genes like CD200, PD-L1, NRP1, B7-H2, and PDCD1, providing clues to the potential role of NDUFAF6 in breast cancer immunotherapy (Fig. 6E). Here, PDCD1 is linked to breast cancer.