Validation of TNIK association with IPF using the single-cell gene expression dataset from unaffected lung and patients with IPF53 demonstrates that TNIK expression in cytotoxic T cells, myofibroblasts and club cells is higher in fibrotic tissue than in unaffected controls (Extended Data Fig. 2d–f). The gene discussed is TNIK; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.