TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Of these drugs, pirfenidone suppresses TGF-β expression31, whereas nintedanib exerts its efficacy in IPF by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR)32, that is, growth factor receptors in the fibrotic pathway of tyrosine kinase structure, with FGFR being most relevant33.