LMX1B and Nephropathy: In a 2005 paper published by Bongers et al, it was shown that patients with NPS whose mutations occurred in the homeodomain had a greater incidence of kidney involvement and a higher degree of proteinuria than patients whose mutations occurred in the LIM domain.[29] Olivia Boyer et al Further highlighted the correlation between the LMX1B homeodomain and renal function in the context of isolated nephropathy studies.