Calculation of missing mean (SD) values was conducted in three studies related to sarcopenia and NT-proBNP [35, 37, 46], four studies related to sarcopenia and BNP [34, 37, 38, 40], one study related to ASM and NT-proBNP [10], and five studies in relation to ASM and BNP [13, 39, 42–44]. Here, NPPB is linked to aggressive systemic mastocytosis.