NPPB and atrial fibrillation: The impressive results in the setting of HFrEF led to the design of innovative RCTs to test their efficacy in patients with HFpEF, a syndrome that was still lacking an effective medical therapy.170,171 Encouraging results were provided by EMPEROR-Preserved,153 in which older patients with LVEF >40% on baseline GDMT and a history of HF hospitalization within 12 months and NT-proBNP ≥300 pg/mL (or >900 pg/mL in presence of AF) were enrolled.