In addition, HDL-C levels were little different in those with the ‘high dementia risk’ APOE genotypes (e.g. e3/e4 and e4/e4) compared with the reference APOE genotypes (e.g. e3/e3) further demonstrating that the increased dementia risk conferred by a very high HDL-C was unlikely to be confounded through this association. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is dementia.