TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Depletion of Tregs in mice leads to increased gene expression of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL5, and impaired metabolic signaling pathways within VAT, and expansion of Tregs improves insulin sensitivity in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD)[21,60], supporting a protective role of Tregs in AT inflammation and IR associated with diet-induced obesity.