Through transcriptional alterations, HOTAIR upregulates factors such as ZEB1, TWIST and SNAIL, meanwhile stimulates TGFβ1 pathway (Pádua Alves et al., 2013), instigating EMT and CSC clonogenicity, thereby promoting tumor metastasis and growth (Castro-Oropeza et al., 2018). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.