In addition, microbial SCFAs enhance the antitumor activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in syngeneic murine melanoma and pancreatic cancer models by increasing the production of effector molecules such as CD25, IFN-γ and TNF-α[76], indicating complicated crosstalk between microbial metabolites and cytokines. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and melanoma.