Our in vitro data shows treatment with EVs isolated from PNT1A cells produced no significant effect on the expression of the target genes within the osteoblasts, except for DKK1. Evidence from published in vivo studies suggest EVs from non-cancer cell lines are not commonly biodistributed to bone and in a healthy individual, it seems unlikely that EVs produced from the non-cancerous prostate would reach the bone in significant numbers, therefore the effects of PNT1A EVs in vitro would not necessarily be considered normal. Here, DKK1 is linked to cancer.