Therefore, whilst we did not find elevated levels of IL1B in our samples, the effect of prostate cancer EVs to lower DKK1 expression may lead to priming of the bone to tackle increase in IL1β expression and WNT signaling after arrival of the tumor cells, whereas potentially healthy prostate tissue may have a beneficial influence on bone health through elevating DKK1 levels (Eyre et al., 2019). Here, DKK1 is linked to prostate cancer.