TNF and neoplasm: For another example, Astragalus membranaceus Polysaccharide could enhance the anti-tumor function of peritoneal macrophages isolated from BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice by inducing them to produce cytokines (including TNF-α and IL-1β), and this effect can be eliminated in TLR-4 mutant C3H/HeJ mice or through the injection of TLR4 antibodies, proving that promotion the secretion of cytokines in macrophages by Astragalus membranaceus Polysaccharide is possibly related to the TLR4 binding (55).