As such, although measuring synaptic distance (T cell/tumor intermembrane distance) was beyond the scope of this work and hence termed “apparent synaptic range”, we predict that a distance shorter than the ectodomain of CD45 that facilitates a cytokine window could be as little as the deltas described above but would vary depending on the CD45 isoform(s) expressed and other proteins, especially adhesion molecules, co-localized in the same synapse. Here, PTPRC is linked to neoplasm.