TNF and neoplasm: Lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and Th1 cells secrete IFN-γ to transform macrophages in the resting state into macrophages with antimicrobial and regulatory phagocytosis capacity, producing the immunostimulatory factors IL-12 and TNF-α to exert a proinflammatory progression effect, which is primarily manifested as inhibition of tumor progression in tumorigenesis, the M1-kind macrophages.