Infection with this bacterium is one of the most studied factors, as it induces chronic inflammation and cell proliferation by increasing the production of chemokines such as CCL5 and expressing pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL (Interleukin)1, 6, 8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), increasing the risk of DNA damage and tumorigenesis (8). Here, TNF is linked to infection.