Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation from PSCI patients to stroke mice was associated with a higher level of Enterobacteriaceae, intestinal Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) expression, circulating LPS, LPS-binding protein and inflammatory cytokines, and a decreased level of fecal butyrate, more intense intestinal damage and cognitive impairment than mice that received microbiota from non-PSCI patients (non-PSCI mice) [97]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and Cognitive impairment.