NOS2 and colitis: The anti-inflammatory effect of agmatine is due to its potent inhibition of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).19 Tumor necrosis factor-α is a crucial cytokine in AP pathogenesis.20 Rashidian et al21 investigated the effects of agmatine on inflammatory markers in colitis and stated that agmatine reduces the levels of TNF-α and MPO levels in the serum and reduces the amount of NOS in the large intestine tissue.