These are thought to work by activating somatostatin receptors (particularly subtypes 2 and 5) and inhibiting the release of various gut and metabolic hormones such as gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, neurotensin, secretin, GLP-1, and insulin, all of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of dumping syndrome. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and dumping syndrome.