Furthermore, some evidence supports the hypothesis that smoking contributes to immune dysregulation in SLE, including associations between smoking and (i) occurrence of anti-dsDNA antibodies [21], (ii) increased BAFF [43], and (iii) a reduced effect to hydroxychloroquine [22] and belimumab in SLE [23–25], as well as methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis [44, 45]; in the case of biologics, this could presumably be attributed to the generation of anti-drug antibodies [46]. The gene discussed is TNFSF13B; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.