TNF and cyclic hematopoiesis: The serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 (Fig. 3G) in the P and CON groups had no marked difference (P > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in levels between the P + CH and the CH groups (P < 0.001); the P + CH group significantly reduced the upregulation of inflammatory factor levels caused by ETEC infection and significantly increased the IL-10 expression.