AQP11 and Nephropathy: Their results showed AQP11 is highly expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of kidney proximal tubular cells where it is required for preventing oxidative stress-induced damage during periods of high glucose-induced metabolic activity, as revealed by the proximal tubule apoptosis, mitochondrial loss, kidney damage and kidney failure seen in mice genetically deficient in wild-type AQP11 [15].