Overexpression of AQP8 in mitochondria and plasma membrane increased proliferation and insulin content in the pancreatic cell line RINm5F, with transport of H2O2 confirmed with the sensor HyPer7.2; at low levels, H2O2 promoted pancreatic β-cell growth, but at high levels impaired insulin secretion, suggesting possible pathological mechanism relevant to diabetes mellitus [95]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.